所有日志都是从 Nginx 的 access.log 中提取的。其中的 IP 信息为攻击者的代理 IP，且取出了 Cloudflare 的 IP。

收到新评论通知邮件

当我打开邮箱后提示有 5 封邮件未读，邮件的时间是间歇性的。一开始以为只是良性测试，但没过多久就冒出了大量重复的评论。

image.png

邮件的内容大致如下：

您的博客有新的评论！
johnniang, 您好!

有访客在《ARTS-w002》留言:


YYY：YYY


你可以点击查看完整内容

发送频率如下：

序号时间
1Dec 6, 2019 7:08 PM
2Dec 6, 2019 7:09 PM
3Dec 6, 2019 7:16 PM
4Dec 6, 2019 7:17 PM
5Dec 6, 2019 7:18 PM

对方产生邪恶的念头

该访客试探性地评论我的博客，发现并不需要审核就能够评论，接着就产生了邪恶的念头......

由于评论接口是限制了连续快速请求的，该攻击者一开始并不知道评论的具体间隔时间，然后不断地试探 rate limit（如果仔细阅读过源码就会发现，默认的 rate limit 时间其实是 5s）。

对方实施攻击计划

该攻击者迅速编写了 Python 脚本，准备攻击评论接口。

[06/Dec/2019:11:39:29 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 400 279 "-" "python-requests/2.22.0" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:39:29 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 400 279 "-" "python-requests/2.22.0" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:39:30 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 400 279 "-" "python-requests/2.22.0" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:39:49 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 337 "-" "python-requests/2.22.0" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:39:50 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 400 279 "-" "python-requests/2.22.0" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:39:50 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 400 279 "-" "python-requests/2.22.0" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:39:51 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 400 279 "-" "python-requests/2.22.0" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:39:51 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 400 279 "-" "python-requests/2.22.0" "161.117.xxx.xxx"

从日志中看到，出现了 400 的错误（Frequnt Access），该访客可能还未猜出精确的间隔时间。但攻击者仍不放弃，继续试图从浏览器上寻找评论的 rate limit：

[06/Dec/2019:11:40:18 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 428 "https://johnniang.me/archives/arts-2" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:40:26 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 428 "https://johnniang.me/archives/arts-2" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:40:31 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 428 "https://johnniang.me/archives/arts-2" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"

可能是在浏览器上点起来不爽，于是又给 Python 穿上马甲（伪装 User-Agent）继续试探：

[06/Dec/2019:11:41:58 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 428 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:41:58 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 400 279 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:41:59 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 400 279 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:42:11 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 428 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:42:12 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 400 279 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:42:59 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 428 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:43:09 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 428 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:43:10 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 400 279 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"

从攻击的规律来看，一直在评论我的一篇文章，为了不给我其他访客造成影响，我只能被迫开启文章的评论审核功能。

最终，该攻击者终于找到了评论接口的 rate limit，于是间隔 5s 就发送一个 POST 请求：

[06/Dec/2019:11:47:54 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 427 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:48:00 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 427 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:48:05 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 427 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:48:11 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 427 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:48:16 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 427 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:48:22 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 427 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:48:27 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 427 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:48:33 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 427 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"

尝试禁用该篇文章的评论

此后邮箱的状况如下图：

image.png

几乎所有的恶意评论都指向的同一篇文章，我尝试禁用该篇文章的评论功能（减少正常访客的影响）。

对方继续被追击

好景不长，攻击者随即发现了请求中出现了大量的 400 错误，于是就通过电脑的浏览器访问我的博客的被攻击的文章，评论之后才发现该篇文章的评论功能已经被禁用：

[06/Dec/2019:11:55:27 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 400 95 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:55:30 +0000] "GET /archives/arts-2 HTTP/1.1" 200 19072 "https://johnniang.me/archives" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:55:32 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 400 95 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"

攻击者继续访问我的其他文章，发现其他文章的评论功能是正常的。

[06/Dec/2019:11:55:35 +0000] "GET /archives HTTP/1.1" 200 13396 "https://johnniang.me/archives/arts-2" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:55:36 +0000] "GET /archives/a1074-reversing-linked-list HTTP/1.1" 200 15191 "https://johnniang.me/archives" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:55:37 +0000] "GET /api/content/options/comment HTTP/1.1" 200 106 "https://johnniang.me/archives/a1074-reversing-linked-list" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:55:37 +0000] "GET /api/content/posts/37/comments/top_view?page=0&sort=&size=5&total=0 HTTP/1.1" 200 1034 "https://johnniang.me/archives/a1074-reversing-linked-list" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:55:38 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 400 95 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:57:16 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 427 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:57:22 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 404 95 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:57:27 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 427 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:57:33 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 427 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:57:39 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 427 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:57:44 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 427 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:11:57:50 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 427 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"

于是攻击者的武器升级了，开始乱抢扫射，遍历文章的 ID （该 ID 是从 1 开始的自增属性）并发送评论请求。我的邮箱就这么被狂轰滥炸（轻微）：

image.png

被迫关闭评论的 API

最后只能被迫关闭评论接口这个 API 了。同时也导致正常访客无法正常发送评论（攻击者的目的也达到了）。

对方终于放弃

在得到大量的 403 错误之后，对方终于放弃了。

[06/Dec/2019:12:00:18 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 404 95 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:12:00:24 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 400 95 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:12:00:31 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 200 427 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:12:00:37 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 403 99 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"
[06/Dec/2019:12:00:42 +0000] "POST /api/content/posts/comments HTTP/1.1" 403 99 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3835.0 Safari/537.36" "161.117.xxx.xxx"

不足

接口的限制不够灵活，仍然能够被有效地攻击。需要一个有效的限制策略，比如限制频率为 5s、1min、30min、1hour、3hour、6hour、12hours、24hours 等等。